Iowa DNR
ADBNet

Water Quality Assessments

Impaired Waters List

South Skunk River IA 03-SSK-931

from confluence with Indian Creek (S32 T80N R20W Jasper Co.) to outfall of Ames wastewater treatment plant in SW 1/4 S32 T83N R23W Story Co.

Assessment Cycle
2018
Release Status
Final
Data Collection Period
Overall IR Category
5 - Water is impaired or threatened and a TMDL is needed.
Trend
Unknown
Created
5/24/2019 7:34:35 AM
Updated
7/8/2019 3:09:04 PM
Assessment conducted in accordance with Iowa's 2018 IR methodology
Use Support
Class A1
Not Supported
Bacteria: Indicator Bacteria- E. coli
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
High
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2008
Impairment Rationale
Geometric mean criterion exceeded
Data Source
Ambient monitoring: Iowa DNR-rivers
TMDL Priority
Tier III
Class BWW2
WINOFI
Biological: low aquatic macroinvertebrate IBI
Support Level
Water in Need of Further Investigation (WINOFI)
Impairment Code
3b-u - Use potentially biologically impaired based on uncalibrated IBI metrics.
Cause Magnitude
Moderate
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
Low
Cycle Added
2004
Impairment Rationale
Low Biotic Index
Data Source
Biological monitoring: Iowa DNR WQMA
General Use
Not Assessed
Impairment Delistings
No delistings for this assessment cycle.
Documentation
Assessment Summary

The Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as "not supported" due to levels of indicator bacteria that violate state water quality criteria. The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses are assessed (evaluated) as "partially supporting" based on results of biological sampling in 2002, 2012 and 2014-2016. The sources of data for this assessment include (1) the results of DNR/SHL monthly ambient water quality monitoring conducted on the South Skunk River from 2014 through 2016 at the County Road E54 bridge approximately 4 miles upstream from Cambridge (STORET station 10850002; formerly station 390566); (2) results of DNR/SHL biological sampling conducted in 2012 and 2014-2016 as part of the stream biocriteria project and (3) results of biological sampling conducted by the DNR Fisheries Bureau in 2002.

Assessment Explanation

The Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as "partially supported" based on levels of indicator bacteria that exceeded state water quality criteria. The geometric means of indicator bacteria (E. coli) in the 24 samples collected during the recreational seasons of 2014 through 2016 at DNR station 10850002 near Cambridge were as follows: the 2014 geometric mean was 298 orgs/100 ml, the 2015 geometric mean was 579 orgs/100 ml, and the 2016 geometric mean was 243 orgs/100 ml. All three recreation season geometric means exceeded the Class A1 geometric mean criterion of 126 orgs/100 ml. Sixteen of the combined 24 samples (67%) exceeded Iowa’s Class A1 single-sample maximum criterion of 235 orgs/100 ml. According to U.S. EPA guidelines for Section 305(b) reporting and DNR’s assessment/listing methodology, if the geometric mean is greater than 126 orgs/100 ml., the primary contact recreation uses should be assessed as "impaired" (see pgs 3-33 to 3-35 of U.S. EPA 1997b). Thus, because at least one recreation season geometric mean exceeded criteria for Class A1 uses, these uses are assessed as "partially supported."

The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses remain assessed (evaluated) as “partially supported” based on results of biological sampling. Results of biological sampling conducted in 2012 and 2014-2016 as part of the DNR/SHL stream biocriteria project and the 2002 DNR Fisheries sampling suggest that these uses are “partially supported.” A series of biological metrics which reflect stream water quality and habitat integrity were calculated from the biocriteria sampling data. The biological metrics are based on the numbers and types of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa and fish species that were collected in the stream sampling reach. The biological metrics were combined to make a fish community index of biotic integrity (FIBI) and a benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMIBI). The indexes rank the biological integrity of a stream sampling reach on a rising scale from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). The 2012 and 2014 BMIBI scores were 19 (poor) and 47 (fair). The 2015 and 2016 BMIBI scores were 55 (fair) and 75 (good). The 2002 Fisheries FIBI score was 48 (fair). The aquatic life use support was assessed (evaluated) as partial supporting (=PS), based on a comparison of the FIBI and BMIBI scores with biological impairment criteria (BIC) established from a statistical analysis of data collected at stream ecoregion reference sites from 1994-2008. The non-riffle FIBI BIC for this ecoregion is 32 and the BMIBI BIC for this ecoregion is 62. This segment passed the FIBI BIC 1/1 times in 2002 and passed the BMIBI BIC 1/4 times in the last five years. This assessment is considered evaluated because the drainage area (585 and 605 mi2) above the sampling sites was greater than the maximum limit (500 mi2) that was used to calibrate the Iowa wadeable stream impairment criteria. Even though this site passed the FIBI BIC (1/1) and failed the BMIBI BIC (1/4), it is uncertain as to whether or not this segment is meeting the aquatic life criteria because the sites used for the assessment don’t fall in the calibrated watershed size.

Despite the results of biological monitoring that suggest impairment of the Class B(WW2) uses, results of chemical/physical water quality monitoring at DNR station 10850002 near Cambridge suggest “full support” of the aquatic life uses. Monitoring showed no violations of Class B(WW2) water quality criteria for 35 Ammonia samples (maximum = 1.6 mg/L), 36 Dissolved Oxygen samples (minimum = 7.4 mg/L), 35 pH samples (range = 6.9 to 8.5), 36 Temperature samples (maximum = 28.4° c), 36 Chloride samples (maximum = 130 mg/L), or 36 Sulfate samples (maximum = 140 mg/L) occurred during monitoring from January 2014 to December 2016. According to U.S. EPA guidelines for Section 305(b) water quality assessments (U.S. EPA 1997b, page 3-17), the EPA guidelines allow up to 10% violations of these conventional parameters before impairment of water quality is indicated. Thus, these results thus suggest “full support” of the Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses.

Monitoring and Methods
Assessment Key Dates
9/18/2012 Biological Monitoring
7/30/2002 Biological Monitoring
10/7/2014 Biological Monitoring
1/15/2014 Fixed Monitoring Start Date
12/7/2016 Fixed Monitoring End Date
7/21/2015 Biological Monitoring
8/7/2016 Biological Monitoring
Methods
150 Monitoring data more than 5 years old
230 Fixed station physical/chemical (conventional plus toxic pollutants)
315 Regional reference site approach
320 Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys
330 Fish surveys
420 Indicator bacteria monitoring