Iowa DNR
Iowa DNR
ADBNet
Water Quality Assessments
Impaired Waters List

North Skunk River IA 03-NSK-854

from confluence with Cedar Cr. (S15 T75N R12W Keokuk Co.) to confluence with Middle Cr. in S35 T76N R14W Mahaska Co.

Assessment Cycle
2018
Release Status
Final
Data Collection Period
Overall IR Category
5 - Water is impaired or threatened and a TMDL is needed.
Trend
Unknown
Created
5/23/2019 2:40:52 PM
Updated
8/2/2019 9:23:46 AM
Assessment conducted in accordance with Iowa's 2018 IR methodology
Use Support
Class A1
Recreation
Primary contact
Partially Supported
Impairments
Support Level
Partially Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
Slight
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2008
Impairment Rationale
Geometric mean criterion exceeded
Data Source
Ambient monitoring: Iowa DNR-rivers
TMDL Priority
Tier IV
Class BWW2
Aquatic Life
Warm Water Type 2
Not Supported
Impairments
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
Moderate
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2010
Impairment Rationale
Violations of acute criterion
Data Source
Ambient monitoring: Iowa DNR-rivers
TMDL Priority
Tier III
General Use
General Use water
Not Assessed
Impairment Delistings
No delistings for this assessment cycle.
Documentation
Assessment Summary

The Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as "partially supported" due to levels of indicator bacteria that exceed state water quality criteria. The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses remain assessed as "not supporting" due to violations of state water quality criteria for chromium during the 2004-06 assessment period. Fish consumption uses remain "not assessed" due to the lack of fish contaminant monitoring in this river segment. The assessments of support of beneficial uses are based on results of DNR ambient monthly water quality monitoring conducted on the North Skunk River southwest of Sigourney in Keokuk County (STORET station 10540001) during the 2014-2016 assessment period and on 2013-2015 DNR/SHL biological sampling data. Data from this monitoring station were also used to assess support of the Class A1 and B(WW2) uses of the adjacent downstream segment of the North Skunk River (IA 03-NSK-853: mouth to the confluence with Cedar Creek near Sigourney).

Assessment Explanation

The Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as "partially supported" based on levels of indicator bacteria that exceeded state water quality criteria. The geometric means of indicator bacteria (E. coli) in the 23 samples collected during the recreational seasons of 2014 through 2016 at DNR station 10540001 were as follows: the 2014 geometric mean was 225 orgs/100 ml, the 2015 geometric mean was 219 orgs/100 ml, and the 2016 geometric mean was 385 orgs/100 ml. All three recreation season geometric means exceeded the Class A1 geometric mean criterion of 126 orgs/100 ml. Thirteen of the combined 23 samples (57%) exceeded Iowa’s Class A1 single-sample maximum criterion of 235 orgs/100 ml. According to U.S. EPA guidelines for Section 305(b) reporting and DNR’s assessment/listing methodology, if the geometric mean is greater than 126 orgs/100 ml., the primary contact recreation uses should be assessed as "impaired" (see pgs 3-33 to 3-35 of U.S. EPA 1997b). Thus, because at least one recreation season geometric mean exceeded criteria for Class A1 uses, these uses are assessed as "partially supported."

The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses remain assessed (monitored) as “not supported" due to violations of the acute criterion for chromium. Monitoring showed no violations of Class B(WW2) water quality criteria for 34 Ammonia samples (maximum = 1.9 mg/L), 36 Dissolved Oxygen samples (minimum = 5.3 mg/L), 35 pH samples (range = 7.2 to 8.6), 36 Temperature samples (maximum = 25.6° c), 35 Chloride samples (maximum = 93 mg/L), or 35 Sulfate samples (maximum = 230 mg/L) occurred during monitoring from January 2014 to December 2016. Monitoring for toxic metals has not been conducted at this monitoring station since April 2006. During the 2004-2006 period, however, ten samples were analyzed for total chromium. Levels of chromium in two of these samples (collected on April 13, 2005 and April 5, 2006) contained 0.02 mg/l of total chromium and thus exceeded the Class B(WW1) aquatic life acute criterion of 0.016 mg/l. The remaining eight samples were reported as less than the detection level of 0.02 mg/l. Based on Iowa DNR’s assessment/listing methodology, more than one violation of an acute water quality criterion for a toxic parameter over a three-year period suggests impairment of aquatic life uses. Thus, the violations of the chromium criterion suggest that the Class B(WW1) aquatic life uses of this assessment segment should be assessed as impaired. [Note: Prior to EPA approval in 2009, Iowa’s Class B(WW1) acute criterion for chromium was 0.060 mg/l, and the chronic criterion was 0.040 mg/l.]

In contrast to the aquatic life use assessment based on the 2004-2006 water quality data, biological sampling data collected in 2013-2015 by DNR/SHL suggests that the aquatic life uses in this segment are "fully supporting". This evaluated biological assessment was based on data collected in 2013 and 2014 as part of the DNR/SHL large river sampling project. A series of biological metrics that reflect stream water quality and habitat integrity were calculated from the biological sampling data. The biological metrics are based on the numbers and types of benthic macroinvertebrate taxa collected in the stream sampling reach. The biological metrics were combined to make a benthic macroinvertebrate index (BMIBI). The index ranks the biological integrity of a stream sampling reach on a rising scale from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). The 2013-2015 BMIBI scores were 56, 57, 69 (all good). The aquatic life use support was assessed (evaluated) as fully supporting (=FS), based on a comparison of the BMIBI scores with biological impairment criteria (BIC) established from a statistical analysis of biological data collected at stream ecoregion reference sites from 1994-2008. The BMIBI BIC for this ecoregion is 51. This assessment is considered evaluated because the drainage area (631 mi2) above this sampling site was greater than the maximum limit (500 mi2) that was used to calibrate the Iowa wadeable stream impairment criteria. Even though this site passed the BMIBI BIC (3/3), it is uncertain as to whether or not this segment is meeting the aquatic life criteria because the site used for the assessment doesn’t fall in the calibrated watershed size.

Monitoring and Methods
Assessment Key Dates
10/7/2013
Biological Monitoring
8/21/2014
Biological Monitoring
1/7/2004
Fixed Monitoring Start Date
12/4/2006
Fixed Monitoring End Date
1/8/2014
Fixed Monitoring Start Date
12/5/2016
Fixed Monitoring End Date
10/12/2015
Biological Monitoring
Methods
230
Fixed station physical/chemical (conventional plus toxic pollutants)
315
Regional reference site approach
320
Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys
420
Indicator bacteria monitoring