Assessment Comments
Assessment is based on USGS ambient water quality monitoring conducted at station 05451773 from April through December 2006. The lower 0.5 miles of this stream are on the Mesqwaki Settlement.
Basis for Assessment
[Note: Prior to the 2008 Section 305(b) cycle, this stream segment was designated only for Class B(LR) aquatic life uses. Due to changes in Iowa’s surface water classification that were approved by U.S. EPA in February 2008 (see http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/files/06mar_swc.pdf), this segment is now presumptively designated for Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses. The stream remains designated for aquatic life uses (now termed Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses). Thus, for the current (2010) assessment, the available water quality monitoring data will be compared to the applicable Class A1 and Class B(WW2) water quality criteria.]
SUMMARY: The presumptive Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as “not supported due to levels of indicator bacteria (E. coli that exceed state water quality criteria. This is a new impairment for this stream segment. The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses are assessed (evaluated) as "fully supported” based on results of chemical/physical monitoring in 2006. This source of data for this assessment is the results of USGS ambient water quality monitoring conducted on Bennett Creek near Tama (station 05451773) from April through December 2006. Note: USGS issued a report in 2009 summarizing water quality for this stream and other streams sampled in 2006 on the Meskwaki Indian Reservation (see http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5105/).
EXPLANATION: The presumptive Class A1 uses are assessed (monitored) as "not supported" based on results of USGS ambient monitoring near Tama in 2006. The geometric mean level of indicator bacteria (E. coli) in the six samples collected (2,564 orgs/100ml) far exceeds the Iowa Class A1 water quality criterion of 126 orgs/100ml. All six samples exceeded Iowa’s single-sample maximum criterion of 235 orgs/100 ml. According to U.S. EPA guidelines for Section 305(b) reporting and according to IDNR’s assessment/listing methodology, if the geometric mean level of E. coli is greater than the state criterion of 126 orgs/100 ml., the primary contact recreation uses should be assessed as "not supported" (see pgs 3-33 to 3-35of U.S. EPA 1997b). Note: these data were collected in 2006 and thus should have been included in Iowa’s 2008 Section 305(b)/303(d) assessment/listing cycle. These monitoring data were overlooked by IDNR staff when preparing assessments and identifying impairments for the 2008 cycle.
The number of bacteria samples collected at this station (six) is relatively low and does not meet IDNR guidelines for developing a “monitored” (higher confidence) assessment (i.e., at least 10 samples collected over a three-year period). Despite the relatively low number of samples, the relatively high geometric mean of indicator bacteria in this stream segment (2,564 orgs/100 ml) constitutes overwhelming evidence of impairment of the presumptive Class A1 uses. According to Iowa’s 2010 listing methodology, overwhelming evidence of bacterial impairment occurs when the E. coli geometric mean of at least five samples collected at regular intervals over a summer recreational season that meets credible data requirements would exceed Iowa’s geometric mean criterion even if the remainder of the 10 samples needed for a high-confidence (“monitored”) assessment all had E. coli levels equal to the IDNR’s detection level for E. coli (i.e., 10 orgs/100 ml). If four samples all with E. coli levels of 10 orgs/100 ml are added to the Bennett Creek dataset for 2006, the resulting geometric mean (279 orgs/100 ml) still exceeds the Class A1 geometric mean criterion of 126 orgs/100 ml and thus suggests impairment of the presumptive Class A1 use.
Results of the USGS ambient water quality monitoring from April through December 2006 showed no violations of Class B(WW2) water quality criteria in the approximately six samples analyzed for dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia. In addition, none of the approximately seven samples analyzed for toxic metals and pesticides exceeded the respective Class B(WW2) chronic criteria.
