Iowa DNR
Iowa DNR
ADBNet
Water Quality Assessments
Impaired Waters List

Upper Iowa River IA 01-UIA-239

from confluence with Trout Cr. (S9 T98N R7W Winneshiek Co.) to confluence with Tenmile Cr. in S1 T98N R9W Winneshiek Co.

This is a DRAFT assessment
Draft assessments may change without notice
Cycle
2026
Current Phase
Public Comment
Overall IR
5 - Water is impaired or threatened and a TMDL is needed.
Trend
Stable
Created
10/27/2025 3:08:48 PM
Updated
12/23/2025 8:55:24 AM
Use Support
Class A1
Recreation - Primary contact
Not Supported
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
Slight
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2006
Impairment Rationale
Geometric mean criterion exceeded
Data Source
Watershed project monitoring
TMDL Priority
Tier III
Class BWW1
Aquatic Life - Warm Water Type 1
Not Supported
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5b - Biological impairment or pollutant-caused fish kill - unknown source. No administrative action.
Cause Magnitude
Moderate
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2004
Impairment Rationale
Loss of >50% of native mussel species
Data Source
Special project/study
TMDL Priority
Tier IV
Class HH
Human Health -
Not Supported
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
Slight
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2006
Impairment Rationale
Fish consumption advisory in effect: no more than 1 meal/week
Data Source
Fish contaminant monitoring: Iowa DNR
TMDL Priority
Tier IV
Impairment Delistings
No delistings for this assessment cycle.
Documentation
Assessment Summary

The Class A1 use remains assessed as “not supported” due to levels of indicator bacteria (E. coli) that exceeded state water quality criteria. The Class BWW1 use remains assessed as "not supported" based on results of a 1998-99 statewide assessment of freshwater mussels in Iowa streams and on the results of a 2012 mussel survey. The Class HH use is still assessed as “not supported” based on the existence of a historical fish consumption advisory for this segment of the Upper Iowa River.

Assessment Explanation

Data Sources:

Data Source

Data Source ID

Data Type

Data Age

Site ID

Site Name

Site Description

NEIARCD

19

WQ

CY 2012-2014

191910010

Upper Iowa River Freeport

Site 17

Iowa DNR

6

BIO

See Below

1411

Upper Iowa River

City of Decorah

Iowa DNR

6

FT

See Below

1094

Upper Iowa River

NE of Freeport


Class A1 - Indicator Bacteria: 2012-2014

Site ID

Data Source ID

# Samples / # Years

2012 Geometric Mean

2013 Geometric Mean

2014 Geometric Mean

Annual Geometric Mean Violation

# Violations

% Violations

Significantly >10% Violations

Assessment Type

Support Level

191910010

19

20 / 3

60

463

616

Yes

9

45%

Yes

Evaluated

Not


Class BWW1 - Biological Sampling:

Fish:

BioNet Site ID

Date

Drainage Area (mi2)

Ecoregion

Major Drainage/Thermal

Riffle Stream?

FIBI score

FIBI Class

52b FIBI BIT

FIBI Pass/Fail

1411

8/12/24

516

52b

MS/WW

NA

76

Excellent

52

Pass


Overall:

Community

Assessment Type

Assessment Result

Support Level

IR Category

Reason

Fish

Evaluated

Pass (1/1)

Full

Assessment was evaluated because the drainage area of the site

Overall

Evaluated

Pass

Full

1

used for the assessment was greater than the calibrated range.



Class BWW1 – Freshwater Mussel Sampling:

Freshwater Mussel Survey

# Freshwater Mussel Species

# Freshwater Mussel Species Increase/Decrease

% Freshwater Mussel Species Increase/Decrease

Assessment Type

Support Level

IR Category

1984-85 (Frest 1987)

6

1998-99 (Arbuckle et al. 2000)

0

-6

-100%

Evaluated

Not

5b

2012 (Iowa DNR WIS)

1

As presented by Arbuckle et al. (2000), the potential causes of declines in species richness of Iowa's freshwater mussels include siltation, destabilization of stream substrate, stream flow instability, and high instream levels of nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen). Their study also suggested the importance of stream shading provided by riparian vegetation to mussel species richness.


Class BWW1 – Fish Kill Assessment:

BioNet Site ID

Date

Drainage Area (mi2)

Ecoregion

Major Drainage/ Thermal

Fish per mile

52b REMAP 25 % fish per mile

>52b REMAP 25 % fish per mile?

52b expected fish taxa

Fish Taxa Present % (>50% to pass)

1411

8/12/2024

516

52b

MS/WW

2513

575

Yes (Pass)

10/14

71% (Pass)

The Class BWW1 use previously resided in Category 3b based on a 2023 fish kill. The results of a 2024 fish sample showed the fish community recovered and is similar to non-fish kill impacted streams in the ecoregion. According to updated IR methodology for large river fish kill follow-up, the category for the fish kill assessment was changed from 3b to 3a (not assessed).

Details about the 2023 fish kill can be found here: https://programs.iowadnr.gov/fishkill/events/1043


Class HH - Fish Tissue Sampling:

Site ID

Biopart

Year

Species

# in sample / # of samples

Avg Length (cm)

(Avg) Hg (ppm)

Chlordane (ppm)

Sum PCBs (ppm)

1094

whole

2023

common carp

3

51.8

0.13

<0.05

J0.0313

Support Level

Not

A historic one meal/week mercury consumption advisory existed on this segment. Based on IR Methodology, the Class HH (fish consumption) use remains assessed as “not supported.”

Monitoring and Methods
Assessment Key Dates
9/30/1999
Biological Monitoring
7/25/2006
Biological Monitoring
8/6/2012
Biological Monitoring
4/9/2012
Monitoring Start
10/7/2014
Monitoring End
8/24/2023
Fish Tissue Monitoring
8/12/2024
Biological Monitoring
Methods
150
Monitoring data more than 5 years old
260
Fish tissue analysis
315
Regional reference site approach
320
Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys
330
Fish surveys
420
Indicator bacteria monitoring