Assessment Comments
Assessment remains based on results of an IDNR investigation of a fish kill in September 2003.
Basis for Assessment
[NOTE: Prior to the 2008 Section 305(b) cycle, this stream segment was classified only for general uses. Due to changes in Iowa’s surface water classification that were approved by U.S. EPA in February 2008 (see http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/files/06mar_swc.pdf), this segment is now presumptively designated for Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses and for Class B(WW1) aquatic life uses. According to the Iowa Water Quality Standards, all perennial rivers and streams and all intermittent streams with perennial pools that are not specifically listed in the Iowa surface water classification are designated as Class A1 and Class B(WW1) waters. Thus, for the current (2010) assessment, perennial flow is presumed, and the available water quality monitoring data will be compared to the applicable Class A1 and Class B(WW1) water quality criteria.]
SUMMARY: The presumptive Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are "not assessed" due to the lack of information upon which to base an assessment. The presumptive Class B(WW1) aquatic life uses of this stream are assessed (evaluated) as “partially supported” due to a fish kill in September 2003. The kill was caused by animal waste from an open feedlot. The party responsible for the kill was not identified. This impairment is appropriate for Category 5b of Iowa’s Integrated Report (=Section 303(d) list).
EXPLANATION: This kill occurred on or before September 15, 2003; the kill was attributed to animal waste from an open feedlot. Although comments from the investigation suggest than a number of fish were killed, the official estimate is one fish killed. The location point for the kill is Section 4 of T76N, R13W, Keokuk County. No estimate of stream length affected by the stream was provided; the party responsible for the kill was not identified. According to the IDNR investigation, a citizen reported seeing some dead fish in Coal Creek; he said the creek had an odor and was discolored. Ammonia levels a long the creek were over 3.0 ppm (i.e., greater than the limit of the Hach test kit). The creek water had a brown tint but suspended solids content didn't appear excessive. Odor wasn't particularly noticeable. A large beef lot appeared to be a source of the ammonia. Water discharging from two tile lines tested above 3 ppm ammonia. A well used to water the cattle in the feedlot was tested and it too showed significant ammonia contamination.
According to IDNR’s assessment/listing methodology, the occurrence of a single pollutant-caused fish kill, or a fish kill of unknown origin, on a waterbody or waterbody reach during the most recent assessment period (2007-2009) indicates a severe stress to the aquatic community and suggests that the aquatic life uses should be assessed as “impaired.” If a cause of the kill is identified, and the cause is either known, or suspected, to be a “pollutant”, the assessment type is considered “monitored” and the affected waterbody is a candidate for Section 303(d) listing. Fish kills attributed to a pollutant, but where a source of the pollutant was not identified and/or where enforcement actions were not taken against the responsible party, will be placed into Integrated Report subcategory 5b. The intent of placing these waterbodies into Category 5 is not to necessarily require a TMDL but to keep the impairment highlighted due to the potential for similar future kills from the unaddressed causes and/or sources. For previous assessment/listing cycles, IDNR had considered fish kill-impaired (IR 5b) waters with no subsequent kills in the three year subsequent to the kill as appropriate for de-listing and for movement to IR categories 2b or 3b (i.e., Iowa’s list of waters in need of further investigation). Due, however, to EPA uncertainty regarding the full recovery of the aquatic life following the kill, any existing fish kill (5b) impairment will remain in IR Category 5b until more recent monitoring has shown full recovery of the aquatic communities affected by the kill. Thus, this assessment segment will remain in Category 5b of Iowa’s 2010 Integrated Report.
