Assessment Comments
Assessment remains based on results of (1) biological monitoring conducted by IDNR Fisheries in 2000 and (2) IDNR/UHL ambient water quality monitoring conducted in 2002 and 2003 in support of TMDL development.
Basis for Assessment
[Note: Prior to the current (2008) Section 305(b) cycle, this river segment was designated only for Class B(LR) aquatic life uses. Due to changes in Iowa’s surface water classification that were approved by U.S. EPA in February 2008 (see http://www.iowadnr.com/water/standards/files/06mar_swc.pdf) and due to the completion of a Use Attainability Analysis, this segment is also now designated for Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses. This segment remains designated for warmwater aquatic life use (now termed Class B(WW2) uses).]
SUMMARY: The Class A1 (primary contact recreation) uses are assessed (monitored) as "not supported" due to levels of indicator bacteria that violate state water quality criteria. The Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses are assessed as “fully supported.” The sources of data for these assessments are (1) results of biological monitoring for fish conducted in 2002 by the IDNR Fisheries Bureau and (2) results of IDNR/UHL ambient water quality monitoring conducted during the 2002-2004 assessment period as part of TMDL monitoring (TMDL station 6; STORET station 11600005).
EXPLANATION: The Class A1 uses are assessed (monitored) as "not supported" based on results of ambient monitoring for indicator bacteria (E. coli). Due to recent changes in Iowa’s Water Quality Standards, Iowa’s assessment methodology for indicator bacteria has changed. Prior to 2003, the Iowa WQ Standards contained a high-flow exemption for the Class A criterion for indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms) designed to protect primary contact recreation uses: the water quality criterion for fecal coliform bacteria (200 orgs/100 ml) did not apply "when the waters [were] materially affected by surface runoff." Due to a change in the Standards in July 2003, E. coli is now the indicator bacterium, and the high flow exemption was eliminated and replaced with language stating that the Class A criteria for E. coli apply when Class A1, A2, or A3 uses “can reasonably be expected to occur.” Because the IDNR Technical Advisory Committee on WQ Standards could not agree on what flow conditions would define periods when uses would not be reasonably expected to occur, all monitoring data generated for E. coli during the assessment period, regardless of flow conditions during sample collection, will be considered for determining support of Class A uses for purposes of Section 305(b) assessments and Section 303(d) listings.
The geometric mean level of indicator bacteria (E. coli) in the 18 samples collected at the IDNR/UHL TMDL monitoring station near Doon during summer recreational seasons of 2002-2003 (311 orgs/100ml) exceeds the Iowa Class A1 water quality criterion of 126 orgs/100ml. Ten of the 18 samples (56%) exceed Iowa’s single-sample maximum criterion of 235 orgs/100 ml. According to U.S. EPA guidelines for Section 305(b) reporting and according to IDNR’s assessment/listing methodology, if the geometric mean level of E. coli is greater than the state criterion of 126 orgs/100 ml., the primary contact recreation uses should be assessed as "not supported" (see pgs 3-33 to 3-35of U.S. EPA 1997b).
The assessment of the Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses remains based on data collected in 2000 as part of a DNR Fisheries stream sampling project: Manchester research station. A series of biological metrics which reflect stream water quality and habitat integrity were calculated from the Fisheries sampling data. The biological metrics are based on the numbers and types of fish species that were collected in the stream sampling reach. The biological metrics were combined to make a fish community index of biotic integrity (FIBI). The index ranks the biological integrity of a stream sampling reach on a rising scale from 0 (minimum) to 100 (maximum). The 2000 FIBI was 62 (good). The aquatic life use support was assessed as Fully Supporting (=FS), based on a comparison of the FIBI score with biological impairment criteria (BIC) established for previous Section 305(b) reports. The biological impairment criteria were determined from a statistical analysis of data collected at stream ecoregion reference sites from 1994-2004. The FIBI BIC for this ecoregion is 43.
Similarly, results of chemical/physical water quality monitoring conducted by IDNR/UHL from March 2002 through December 2003 in support of TMDL development suggest relatively good water quality in this stream and "full support" of aquatic life uses. None of the 21 samples collected had levels of dissolved oxygen, pH, or ammonia-nitrogen that violated state water quality standards (these samples were not analyzed for toxic metals or pesticides). These results, although somewhat limited in terms of parameter coverage, suggest "full support" of the Class B(WW2) aquatic life uses.
