Big Sioux River IA 06-BSR-1522

from confluence Brule Cr. near Richland SD (S33 T92N R49W Plymouth Co.) to confluence with Indian Cr. in S9 T93N R48W Plymouth Co.

Open Data Collection Period Modal

For purposes of developing stream/river water quality assessments for integrated reporting, three years of water quality data are typically used for both conventional pollutant parameters (e.g., indicator bacteria) and the less frequently monitored toxic parameters (e.g., toxic metals). Since the 2004 IR cycle, DNR has used a three-year data gathering period for streams, rivers, and beaches. For most assessments, the use of three years of data increases the number of samples upon which the decision on use support is based and helps address the problem of weather-related year-to-year fluctuations in water quality.

Due to the lower sampling frequency in Iowa’s ambient lake, biological, fish kill, and fish tissue monitoring programs, five years of data are used for developing IR assessments and for identifying Section 303(d) listings.

Data Type	Data Timeframe
Beach Sampling Data	CY 2020 - 2022
Stream/River Water Quality Data	CY 2020 - 2022
Lake Water Quality Data	CY 2018 - 2022
Biological Sampling Data	CY 2018 - 2022*
Fish Kill Data	CY 2018 - 2022
Fish Tissue Sampling Data	CY 2018 - 2022
Continuous Dissolved Oxygen Sampling Data	CY 2018 - 2022
*Biological sites sampled in both 2017 and 2021 were also assessed.

Open Segment Map
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Cycle: 2024
Release Status: Final
Overall IR: 5 - Water is impaired or threatened and a TMDL is needed.
Trend: Unknown
Created: 11/1/2023 8:13:02 AM
Updated: 1/22/2024 7:49:19 AM

Use Support

Class A1

Recreation - Primary contact

Not Supported

Bacteria: Indicator Bacteria- E. coli

Support Level

Not Supported

Impairment Code

4a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL has been completed.

Cause Magnitude

Slight

Status

Continuing

Source

Unknown: Source Unknown

Source Confidence

Low

Cycle Added

2002

Impairment Rationale

Geometric mean criterion exceeded

Data Source

Ambient monitoring: adjacent state

Class BWW1

Aquatic Life - Warm Water Type 1

Not Supported

Fish Kill: Caused By Organic Enrichment/Low Dissolved Oxygen

Support Level

Not Supported

Impairment Code

5b - Biological impairment or pollutant-caused fish kill - unknown source. No administrative action.

Cause Magnitude

Slight

Status

Continuing

Source

Unknown: Source Unknown

Source Confidence

Low

Cycle Added

2004

Impairment Rationale

Pollutant-caused fish kill

Data Source

Fish kill investigation: Iowa DNR

TMDL Priority

Tier IV

Biological: low aquatic macroinvertebrate IBI

Support Level

Further Investigation Needed

Impairment Code

3b-u - Use potentially biologically impaired based on uncalibrated IBI metrics.

Cause Magnitude

Slight

Status

Continuing

Source

Unknown: Source Unknown

Source Confidence

Low

Cycle Added

2008

Impairment Rationale

Low Biotic Index

Data Source

Biological monitoring: Iowa DNR WQMA

Metals: Selenium

Support Level

Not Supported

Impairment Code

5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.

Cause Magnitude

Slight

Status

New

Source

Unknown: Source Unknown

Source Confidence

Low

Cycle Added

2024

Impairment Rationale

Violations of chronic criterion

Data Source

Ambient monitoring: adjacent state

TMDL Priority

Tier IV

Class HH

Human Health -

Fully Supported

Impairment Delistings

No delistings for this assessment cycle.

Documentation

Assessment Summary

The Class A1 use was assessed as "not supported" due to levels of indicator bacteria (E. coli) that violated state water quality standards. The Class BWW1 use was assessed as "not supported" based on a fish kill investigation, on biological sampling data, and violations of the selenium chronic criterion. The Class HH (fish consumption) use was assessed as "fully supported" based on fish tissue sampling data. Note: A TMDL for pathogen indicators in this segment of the Big Sioux River was approved by EPA in 2008; therefore, the Class A1 use remains in IR Category 4a.

Assessment Explanation

Data Sources:

Data Source	Data Source ID	Data Type	Data Age	Site ID	Site Name	Site Description
SDAK	16	WQ	CY 2020-2022	460832	Big Sioux River
Iowa DNR	6	BIO	See Below	911	Big Sioux River	Akron
Iowa DNR	6	FT	See Below	1347	Big Sioux River	At Millsite Access near Westfield

Class A1 - Indicator Bacteria:

Site ID

Data Source ID

# Samples per Year (2020/ 2021/2022)

2020 Geometric Mean

2021 Geometric Mean

2022 Geometric Mean

Violates Annual Geometric Mean?

# 2020 SSM violations / SSM Violations needed for impairment

# 2021 SSM violations / SSM Violations needed for impairment

# 2022 SSM violations / SSM Violations needed for impairment

Violates Annual SSM Significantly >10% Rule?

Assessment Type

Support Level

460832

5/5/5

0 / NA

Eval

Full

Class A1 – pH:

Site ID	Data Source ID	# Samples / # Years	Minimum Value	Maximum Value	Mean Value	# Violations	Violations needed for impairment	Violates Significantly >10% Rule?	Assessment Type	Support Level
460832	16	36 / 3	7.6	10.3	8.5	4	7	NO	Mon	Full

Class BWW1 - Binomial Parameters:

Site ID	Data Source ID	Parameter Name	# Samples / # Years	Minimum Value	Maximum Value	Mean Value	# Violations	# Acute / Chronic Violations	Violations needed for impairment	Violates Significantly >10% Rule?	Assessment Type	Support Level
460832	16	Dissolved Oxygen	36 / 3	6.2	19.5	12.2	0	NA / NA	7	NO	Mon	Full
460832	16	pH	36 / 3	7.6	10.3	8.5	4	NA / NA	7	NO	Mon	Full
460832	16	Temperature	36 / 3	0	29.4	13	0	NA / NA	7	NO	Mon	Full

Class BWW1 - Toxic Parameters:

Site ID	Data Source ID	Parameter Name	# Samples / # Years	Maximum Value	Mean Value	Median Value	# Acute / Chronic Violations	>1 Acute / Chronic Violation	Assessment Type	Support Level
460832	16	Ammonia	36 / 3	0.36	0.04	0.02	0 / 0	NO	Mon	Full
460832	16	Selenium	9 / 3	5.6	3.9	3.7	0 / 2	YES	Mon	Not

Class BWW1 - Biological Sampling:

Benthic Macroinvertebrates:

Site ID	Date	Drainage Area (mi2)	Ecoregion	Major Drainage	BM Sample Gear	BMIBI score	BMIBI Class	47a BMIBI BIT	BMIBI Pass/Fail
911	9/5/13	7600	47a	MO	Art Sub	56	Good	54	Pass
911	10/10/12	7600	47a	MO	Art Sub	42	Fair	54	Fail

Overall:

Community	Assessment Type	Assessment Result	Support Level	IR Category	Reason
Benthic Macroinvertebrates	Evaluated	Fail (1/2)	WINOFI		Assessment was evaluated because the drainage area of the site is
Overall	Evaluated	Fail	WINOFI	3bu	greater than the calibrated range.

Class BWW1 – Fishkill Assessment:

The Class BWW1 aquatic life use assessment based on the 2002 fish kill placed this segment in Category 5b. The fish kill was caused by a “pollutant” or was suspected to be caused by a “pollutant”; therefore, the Class BWW1 use was considered impaired. Because the source of the pollutant was not identified and/or the enforcement actions taken against the responsible party have not been resolved, the Class BWW1 use was placed in Category 5b. Due to uncertainty regarding the recovery of the aquatic life following the fish kill, any existing fish kill 5b impairment will remain in Category 5b until more recent sampling has shown recovery of the aquatic community or the responsible party has paid restitution.

Details about the 2002 fish kill can be found here: https://programs.iowadnr.gov/fishkill/Events/510

Class HH - Fish Tissue Sampling:

Site ID	Biopart	Year	Species	# in sample / # of samples	Avg Length (cm)	(Avg) Hg (ppm)	Chlordane (ppm)	Sum PCBs (ppm)
1347	fillet	2013	channel catfish	5	43.8	0.08	<0.2	<0.6
Support Level	Full

Monitoring and Methods

Assessment Key Dates

1/6/2020

Monitoring Start

12/1/2022

Monitoring End

9/10/2013

Fish Tissue Monitoring

1/23/2008

TMDL Completed

10/10/2012

Biological Monitoring

7/12/2002

Fish Kill

9/5/2013

Biological Monitoring

Methods

140

Incidence of spills and/or fish kills

150

Monitoring data more than 5 years old

200

Physical/Chemical Monitoring

260

Fish tissue analysis

315

Regional reference site approach

320

Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys

420

Indicator bacteria monitoring