Iowa DNR
Iowa DNR
ADBNet
Water Quality Assessments
Impaired Waters List

East Nishnabotna River IA 05-NSH-1414

mouth (S2 T67N R42W Fremont Co.) to confluence with Fisher Cr. in S27 T69N R40W Fremont Co.

This is a DRAFT assessment
Draft assessments may change without notice
Cycle
2026
Current Phase
Public Comment
Overall IR
5 - Water is impaired or threatened and a TMDL is needed.
Trend
Stable
Created
10/27/2025 3:10:44 PM
Updated
1/15/2026 8:02:15 AM
Use Support
Class A1
Recreation - Primary contact
Not Supported
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
5a - Pollutant-caused impairment. TMDL needed.
Cause Magnitude
Slight
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
N/A
Cycle Added
2008
Impairment Rationale
Geometric mean criterion exceeded
Data Source
Ambient monitoring: Iowa DNR-rivers
TMDL Priority
Tier III
Class BWW1
Aquatic Life - Warm Water Type 1
Not Supported
Impairment Code
3b-u - Use potentially biologically impaired based on uncalibrated IBI metrics.
Cause Magnitude
Moderate
Status
Continuing
Source
Unknown: Source Unknown
Source Confidence
Low
Cycle Added
2024
Impairment Rationale
Potential Impairment
Data Source
Biological monitoring: Iowa DNR WQMA
Support Level
Not Supported
Impairment Code
4d - Pollutant-caused fish kill. No TMDL needed and administrative action taken against responsible party.
Cause Magnitude
High
Status
New
Source
Spills/Dumping: Accidental release/spill
Source Confidence
Confirmed
Cycle Added
2026
Impairment Rationale
Pollutant-caused fish kill
Data Source
Fish kill investigation: Iowa DNR
Class HH
Human Health -
Fully Supported
Impairment Delistings
No delistings for this assessment cycle.
Documentation
Assessment Summary

The Class A1 use remains assessed as "not supported" due to levels of indicator bacteria (E. coli) that exceeded state water quality criteria. The Class BWW1 use was assessed as "not supported" based on a fish kill investigation and "WINOFI" based on biological sampling data. The Class HH (fish consumption) use was assessed as "fully supported" based on fish tissue sampling data.

Assessment Explanation

Data Sources:

Data Source

Data Source ID

Data Type

Data Age

Site ID

Site Name

Site Description

Iowa DNR

6

WQ

CY 2004-2006

10360002

East Nishnabotna River Downstream of Shenandoah

DS1

Iowa DNR

6

BIO

See Below

1298

East Nishnabotna River

Riverton (REMAP #400)

Iowa DNR

6

FT

See Below

1083

East Nishnabotna River

W of Riverton


Class A1 - Indicator Bacteria: 2004-2006

Site ID

Data Source ID

# Samples / # Years

2004-2006 Geometric Mean

Annual Geometric Mean Violation

# Violations

% Violations

Significantly >10% Violations

Assessment Type

Support Level

10360002

6

24 / 3

272

Yes

15

62%

Yes

Evaluated

Not


Class BWW1 - Biological Sampling:

Benthic Macroinvertebrates:

Site ID

Date

Drainage Area (mi2)

Ecoregion

Major Drainage

BM Sample Gear

BMIBI score

BMIBI Class

47e BMIBI BIT

BMIBI Pass/Fail

1298

9/24/24

1110.0

47e

MO

Floating Art Sub

22

Poor

54

Fail

1298

8/19/24

1110.0

47e

MO

Floating Art Sub

36

Fair

54

Fail

1298

8/16/21

1110.0

47e

MO

Floating Art Sub

20

Poor

54

Fail


Fish:

Site ID

Date

Drainage Area (mi2)

Ecoregion

Major Drainage

Riffle Stream?

FIBI score

FIBI Class

47m FIBI BIT

FIBI Pass/Fail

1298

9/25/24

1110.0

47e

MO

NA

43

Fair

31

Pass

1298

8/16/21

1110.0

47e

MO

NA

6

Poor

31

Fail


Overall:

Community

Assessment Type

Assessment Result

Support Level

IR Category

Reason

Benthic Macroinvertebrates

Evaluated

Fail (0/3)

WINOFI

Fish

Evaluated

Fail (1/2)

WINOFI

Assessment was evaluated because the drainage area

Overall

Evaluated

Fail

WINOFI

3bu

of the sample site was larger than the calibrated range.


Class BWW1 – Fish kill Assessment:

Following DNR IR fish kill methodology, the Class BWW1 aquatic life use assessment based on the March 2024 fish kill should have resulted in a Category 3b potential impairment because a single fish kill occurred in this segment during the IR data assessment period (2020-2024). However, given the magnitude of the fish kill (~50 miles affected and ~750,000 fish killed), DNR IR staff felt it was appropriate to place this segment in Category 4d. The fish kill was caused by a “pollutant” or was suspected to be caused by a “pollutant”; therefore, the Class BWW1 use was considered impaired. Since restitution for the fish killed was received and/or the responsible party paid a fine, the Class BWW1 use was placed in Category 4d (impaired but TMDL not required) and not in Category 5b (impaired and TMDL required). DNR feels that (1) TMDLs should not be required for a fish kill caused by a one-time illegal or unauthorized release of a pollutant where enforcement action was taken and (2) enforcement action is more appropriate and effective for addressing a spill-related impairment than the TMDL process.

In September of 2024, DNR Water Quality and Fisheries Bureaus conducted follow-up biological sampling on this segment. The fish, benthic macroinvertebrate, and freshwater mussel communities were sampled along with the collection of a grab water quality sample and a physical habitat assessment was conducted. Results from that sampling indicated that the biological communities had recovered to pre-fish kill levels and were comparable to similarly sized sites in the ecoregion.

Fish and benthic macroinvertebrate biological sampling data from this segment can be found here:
https://programs.iowadnr.gov/bionet/sites/1298

Details about the 2024 fish kill can be found here: https://programs.iowadnr.gov/fishkill/events/1045

Details about the DNR Contaminated Sites Section’s oversight can be found here: https://programs.iowadnr.gov/contaminatedsites/Site/Detail/2818

Details about the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s oversight can be found here: https://www.fws.gov/project/nishnabotna-fertilizer-spill


Class HH - Fish Tissue Sampling:

Site ID

Biopart

Year

Species

# in sample / # of samples

Avg. Length (cm)

(Avg.) Hg (ppm)

Chlordane (ppm)

Sum PCBs (ppm)

1083

fillet

2024

common carp

3

49.4

0.1

<0.0501

<0.0246

1083

tissue plug

2021

common carp

10

60.51

0.151

1083

tissue plug

2020

channel catfish

10

48.66

0.12

Support Level

Full

Monitoring and Methods
Assessment Key Dates
1/5/2004
Monitoring Start
11/6/2006
Monitoring End
8/24/2020
Fish Tissue Monitoring
8/16/2021
Biological Monitoring
6/21/2021
Fish Tissue Monitoring
9/25/2024
Fish Tissue Monitoring
9/24/2024
Biological Monitoring
9/25/2024
Biological Monitoring
3/11/2024
Fish Kill
8/19/2024
Biological Monitoring
Methods
120
Surveys of fish and game biologists/other professionals
140
Incidence of spills and/or fish kills
150
Monitoring data more than 5 years old
260
Fish tissue analysis
315
Regional reference site approach
320
Benthic macroinvertebrate surveys
330
Fish surveys
420
Indicator bacteria monitoring